Photovoltaic industry knowledge popularization

1. Principle of photovoltaic power generation

When a photon irradiates a metal photovoltaic component, its energy can be completely absorbed by an electron in the metal component. The energy absorbed by the electron is large enough to overcome the internal gravity of the metal to do work, escape from the metal surface, and become photoelectrons. That is the photovoltaic effect.

The photovoltaic power generation system mainly consists of solar panels, DC/AC combiner boxes, photovoltaic inverters, measuring instruments, step-up transformers or AC loads, monitoring equipment, etc. The advantage of photovoltaic power generation is that it is not restricted by geography because the sun shines on the earth. The photovoltaic system also has the advantages of safety, reliability, no noise, low pollution, no need to consume fuel and erect transmission lines to generate power on site, and short construction period.

2. Classification of photovoltaic power generation

a. Centralized power station: Make full use of the abundant and relatively stable solar energy resources in desert areas to build large-scale photovoltaic power stations and connect them to high-voltage transmission systems to supply power to long-distance loads. It mainly includes insured-scale photovoltaic projects issued by various provinces, market-oriented photovoltaic projects issued by various provinces, and large-scale wind power photovoltaic base projects.

b. Distributed photovoltaic power station: Based on the building surface, it solves the user's electricity problem nearby and realizes the compensation and transmission of power supply balance through grid connection. Including industrial and commercial distributed photovoltaic projects and household photovoltaic projects. Distributed small-scale grid-connected photovoltaic systems, especially building-integrated photovoltaic power generation systems, have become the mainstream support for grid-connected photovoltaic power generation in developed countries due to their advantages such as small investment, fast construction, small footprint, and strong policy implications.

3. Photovoltaic power generation industry chain

Main industrial chain: silicon powder → polycrystalline silicon material → silicon wafer → battery → module → power station

Auxiliary industry chain:

① Auxiliary materials: EVA, backsheet, photovoltaic glass, frame, silver paste, conductive agent, cutting wire, etc.);

② Equipment: single crystal furnace, polycrystalline furnace, slicer, etc.;

③ Power station: inverter , brackets, combiner boxes, junction boxes, etc.